Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION TO SAS

• INTRODUCTION
• NEED FOR SAS
• WHO USES SAS
• WHAT IS SAS?
• OVERVIEW OF BASE SAS SOFTWARE
• DATA MANAGEMENT FACILITY
• STRUCTURE OF SAS DATASET
• SAS PROGRAM
• PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
• ELEMENTS OF THE SAS LANGUAGE
• RULES FOR SAS STATEMENTS
• RULES FOR MOST SAS NAMES
• SPECIAL RULES FOR VARIABLE NAMES
• TYPES OF VARIABLES
• DATA ANALYSIS AND REPORTING UTILITIES
• TRADITIONAL OUTPUT
• WAYS TO RUN SAS PROGRAMS
• SAS WINDOWING ENVIRONMENT
• NONINTERACTIVE MODE
• BATCH MODE
• INTERACTIVE LINE MODE
• RUNNING PROGRAMS IN THE SAS WINDOWING ENVIRONMENT

Chapter 2: HOW SAS WORKS

• WRITING YOUR FIRST SAS PROGRAM
• A SIMPLE PROGRAM TO READ RAW DATA AND PRODUCE A REPORT
• ENHANCING THE PROGRAM
• MORE ON COMMENT STATEMENTS
• INTERNAL PROCESSING IN SAS
• HOW SAS WORKS
• THE COMPILATION PHASE
• THE EXECUTION PHASE
• PROCESSING A DATA STEP: A WALKTHROUGH
• CREATING THE INPUT BUFFER AND THE PROGRAM DATA VECTOR
• WRITING AN OBSERVATION TO THE SAS DATA SET
• FOUR TYPES OF SAS LIBRARIES
• SAS LIBRARIES
• WORK LIBRARY
• SASHELP LIBRARY
• SASUSER LIBRARY

Chapter 3: READING RAW DATA INTO SAS

• WHAT IS RAW DATA
• DEFINITIONS
• DATA VALUES
• NUMERIC VALUE
• CHARACTER VALUE
• STANDARD DATA
• NONSTANDARD DATA
• NUMERIC DATA
• CHARACTER DATA
• CHOOSING AN INPUT STYLE
• LIST INPUT
• MODIFIED LIST INPUT
• COLUMN INPUT
• FORMATTED INPUT
• NAMED INPUT
• INSTREAM DATA
• CREATING MULTIPLE RECORDS FROM SINGLE INPUT ROW
• READING DATA FROM EXTERNAL FILES
• READING BLANK SEPARATED VALUES (LIST OR FREE FORM DATA):
• READING RAW DATA SEPARATED BY COMMAS (.CSV FILES):
• READING IN RAW DATA SEPARATED BY TABS (.TXT FILES):
• USING INFORMATS WITH LIST INPUT
• SUPPLYING AN INFORMAT STATEMENT WITH LIST INPUT
• USING LIST INPUT WITH EMBEDDED DELIMITERS
• READING RAW DATA THAT ARE ALIGNED IN COLUMNS:
• METHOD 1: COLUMN INPUT
• METHOD 2: FORMATTED INPUT
• USING MORE THAN ONE INPUT STATEMENT: THE SINGLE TRAILING @
• READING COLUMN DATA THAT IS ON MORE THAN ONE LINE
• MIXED-STYLE INPUT:
• INFILE OPTIONS FOR SPECIAL SITUATIONS
• FLOWOVER
• MISSOVER
• TRUNCOVER
• PAD
• USING LRECL TO READ VERY LONG LINES OF RAW DATA
• CHECKING YOUR DATA AFTER IT HAS BEEN READ INTO SAS

Chapter 4: READING DATA FROM A DATASET

• INTRODUCTION
• SET STATEMENT OVERVIEW
• AUTOMATIC VARIABLES IN SAS
• INTERLEAVE MULTIPLE SAS DATA SETS
• COMBINE MULTIPLE SAS DATA SETS
• CREATING & MODIFYING VARIABLES
• CREATING MULTIPLE DATASETS IN A SINGLE DATA-STEP
• SUBSETTING OBSERVATIONS
• CONDITIONAL SAS STATEMENTS
• LOGICAL AND SPECIAL OPERATORS
• THE SAS SUPERVISOR AND THE SET STATEMENT
• EFFICIENCY AND THE SET STATEMENT
• KNOW YOUR DATA
• SET STATEMENT DATA SET OPTIONS
• DROP AND KEEP OPTIONS
• RENAME OPTION
• FIRSTOBS AND OBS OPTIONS
• IN OPTION -
• WHERE OPTION -
• OTHER SET STATEMENT OPTIONS
• END OPTION
• KEY OPTION
• NOBS OPTION
• POINT OPTION
• DO LOOPS AND THE SET STATEMENT
• INTRODUCTION TO RETAIN STATEMENT
• CARRY OVER VALUES FROM ONE OBSERVATION TO ANOTHER
• COMPARE VALUES ACROSS OBSERVATIONS
• ASSIGN INITIAL VALUES
• DETERMINING COLUMN ORDER IN OUTPUT DATASET
• SAS SYSTEM OPTIONS

Chapter 5: READING DATA FROM A DATASET

• INPUT SAS DATA SET FOR EXAMPLE
• SELECTING OBSERVATIONS FOR A NEW SAS DATA SET
• DELETING OBSERVATIONS BASED ON A CONDITION
• ACCEPTING OBSERVATIONS BASED ON A CONDITION
• COMPARING THE DELETE AND SUBSETTING IF STATEMENTS
• METHODS OF CREATING NEW DATA SETS WITH A SUBSET
• SUBSETTING RECORDS FROM AN EXTERNAL FILE WITH A SUBSETTING IF STATEMENT
• SUBSETTING OBSERVATIONS IN A DATA STEP WITH A WHERE STATEMENT
• SUBSETTING OBSERVATIONS IN A PROC STEP WITH A WHERE STATEMENT
• SUBSETTING OBSERVATIONS IN PROC SQL
• DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IF AND WHERE

Chapter 6: SAS INFORMATS AND FORMATS

• OVERVIEW
• USING SAS INFORMATS
• INPUT STATEMENT
• INPUT FUNCTION
• INPUTN AND INPUTC FUNCTIONS
• ATTRIB AND INFORMAT STATEMENTS
• USING SAS FORMATS
• FORMAT STATEMENT IN PROCEDURES
• PUT STATEMENT
• PUT FUNCTION
• PUTN AND PUTC FUNCTIONS
• BESTw. Format
• ADDITIONAL COMMENTS

Chapter 7: SAS FUNCTIONS

• CATEGORIES OF FUNCTIONS
• SAS CHARACTER FUNCTIONS
• FUNCTIONS THAT CHANGE THE CASE OF CHARACTERS
• UPCASE
• LOWCASE
• PROPCASE
• FUNCTIONS THAT REMOVE CHARACTERS FROM STRINGS
• FUNCTION: COMPBL
• FUNCTION: COMPRESS
• FUNCTIONS THAT SEARCH FOR CHARACTERS
• FUNCTION: ANYALNUM
• FUNCTION: ANYALPHA
• FUNCTION: ANYDIGIT
• FUNCTION: ANYPUNCT
• FUNCTION: ANYSPACE
• FUNCTION: NOTALNUM
• FUNCTION: NOTALPHA
• FUNCTION: NOTDIGIT
• FUNCTION: NOTUPPER
• FUNCTIONS THAT SEARCH STRINGS
• FIND AND FINDC
• INDEX, INDEXC, AND INDEXW
• FUNCTIONS TO VERIFY DATA
• FUNCTION VERIFY
• FUNCTIONS THAT EXTRACT PARTS OF STRINGS
• FUNCTION: SUBSTR (ON THE LEFT-HAND SIDE OF THE EQUAL SIGN)
• FUNCTION: SUBSTRN
• FUNCTIONS THAT JOIN TWO OR MORE STRINGS TOGETHER
• FUNCTION: CAT
• FUNCTION: CATS
• FUNCTION: CATT
• FUNCTION: CATX
• FUNCTIONS THAT REMOVE BLANKS FROM STRINGS
• FUNCTION: LEFT
• FUNCTION: RIGHT
• FUNCTION: TRIM
• FUNCTION: TRIMN
• FUNCTION: STRIP
• FUNCTIONS THAT COMPARE STRINGS
• FUNCTION: COMPARE
• FUNCTIONS THAT DIVIDE STRINGS INTO "WORDS"
• FUNCTION: SCAN
• FUNCTION: SCANQ
• FUNCTIONS THAT SUBSTITUTE LETTERS OR WORDS IN STRINGS
• FUNCTION: TRANSLATE
• FUNCTION: TRANWRD
• FUNCTIONS THAT COMPUTE THE LENGTH OF STRINGS
• FUNCTION: LENGTH
• FUNCTION: LENGTHC
• FUNCTION: LENGTHM
• FUNCTION: LENGTHN
• FUNCTIONS THAT COUNT THE NUMBER OF LETTERS OR SUBSTRINGS IN A STRING
• FUNCTION: COUNT
• FUNCTION: COUNTC
• MISCELLANEOUS STRING FUNCTIONS
• FUNCTION: MISSING
• FUNCTION: REPEAT
• FUNCTION: REVERSE
• SAS DATE AND TIME FUNCTIONS
• INTRODUCTION
• WHAT IS A SAS DATE AND TIME LITERAL?
• DATE AND TIME FUNCTIONS
• FUNCTINS TO CREATE DATE AND TIME VALUES
• FUNCTIONS TO TAKIE DATETIME VALUES APART
• FUNCTIONS TO GET QUARTER ,YEAR OR DAY OF THE DATE
• FUNCTIONS THAT WORK WITH INTERVALS
• USING FORMATS FOR DATE AND TIME
• SYSTEM OPTIONS FORDATE AND TIME

Chapter 8: AN INTRODUCTION TO ARRAYS AND ARRAY PROCESSING

• WHY DO WE NEED ARRAYS?
• BASIC ARRAY CONCEPTS
• ARRAY STATEMENT
• ARRAY REFERENCES
• VARIABLE NAME ARRAY REFERENCE
• USING ARRAY INDEXES
• ONE DIMENSION ARRAYS
• MULTI-DIMENSION ARRAYS
• TEMPORARY ARRAYS
• SORTING ARRAYS
• Determining Array Bounds: LBOUND and HBOUND Functions
• WHEN TO USE ARRAYS
• COMMON ERRORS AND MISUNDERSTANDINGS
• INVALID INDEX RANGE
• FUNCTION NAME AS AN ARRAY NAME
• ARRAY REFERENCED IN MULTIPLE DATA STEPS, BUT DEFINED IN ONLY ONE

Chapter 9: BY - GROUP PROCESSING

• DEFINITIONS FOR BY-GROUP PROCESSING
• BY-GROUP PROCESSING
• BY VALUE
• BY GROUP
• FIRST.VARIABLE AND LAST.VARIABLE
• MODIFYING SAS DATA SETS: EXAMPLES.
• INVOKING BY-GROUP PROCESSING
• PREPROCESSING INPUT DATA FOR BY-GROUP PROCESSING
• SORTING OBSERVATIONS FOR BY-GROUP PROCESSING
• INDEXING FOR BY-GROUP PROCESSING
• HOW THE DATA STEP IDENTIFIES BY GROUPS
• PROCESSING OBSERVATIONS IN A BY GROUP
• HOW SAS DETERMINES FIRST.VARIABLE AND LAST.VARIABLE
• PROCESSING BY-GROUPS IN THE DATA STEP
• OVERVIEW
• PROCESSING BY-GROUPS CONDITIONALLY
• DATA NOT IN ALPHABETIC OR NUMERIC ORDER
• DATA GROUPED BY FORMATTED VALUES

  Chapter 10: OVERVIEW OF METHODS FOR COMBINING SAS DATA SETS

  • DEFINITIONS
  • CONCATENATING
  • INTERLEAVING
  • ONE-TO- ONE READING OR ONE-TO-ONE MERGING
  • MATCH-MERGING
  • UPDATING
  • MODIFYING
  • DEFINITIONS FOR READING, COMBINING, AND MODIFYING SAS DATA SETS
  • READING A SAS DATA SET
  • COMBINING SAS DATA SETS
  • MODIFYING SAS DATA SETS
  • OVERVIEW OF TOOLS
  • READING SAS DATA SETS
  • READING A SINGLE SAS DATA SET
  • READING FROM MULTIPLE SAS DATA SETS
  • COMBINING SAS DATA SETS: BASIC CONCEPTS
  • ONE-TO-ONE
  • ONE-TO-MANY AND MANY-TO-ONE
  • MANY-TO-MANY
  • ACCESS METHODS: SEQUENTIAL VERSUS DIRECT
  • SEQUENTIAL ACCESS
  • DIRECT ACCESS
  • ONE-TO-ONE READING
  • DATA STEP PROCESSING DURING A ONE-TO-ONE READING
  • ONE-TO-ONE MERGING
  • MATCH-MERGING
  • UPDATING WITH THE UPDATE AND THE MODIFY STATEMENTS :
  • DEFINITIONS
  • SYNTAX OF THE UPDATE STATEMENT
  • SYNTAX OF THE MODIFY STATEMENT -
  • UPDATING WITH NONMATCHED OBSERVATIONS, MISSING VALUES, AND NEW VARIABLES -
  • USING AN INDEX WITH THE MODIFY STATEMENT

  Chapter 11: SAS PROCEDURES

  • INTRODUCTION
  • THE ANATOMY OF A PROC
  • THE PROC STATEMENT
  • TITLE AND FOOTNOTE STATEMENTS
  • BY STATEMENT
  • LABEL STATEMENT
  • FORMAT STATEMENT
  • RUN OR QUIT STATEMENT
  • DESCRIPTION OF DATA USED IN REPORTS
  • SAS REPORTING PROCEDURES
  • PROCS FOR ALL THAT DETAIL
  • USING PROC PRINT
  • USING PROC SQL
  • PROC REPORT
  • PROCS THAT SUMMARIZE
  • USING PROC CHART
  • USING PROC FREQ
  • USING PROC MEANS
  • USING PROC UNIVARIATE
  • INTRODUCTION TO PROC TABULATE
  • DATA MANIPULATION AND MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE
  • PROC SORT
  • PROC DATASETS
  • PROC FORMAT
  • PROC CONTENTS
  • OTHER IMPORTANT PROCS
  • PROC TRANSPOSE
  • DEFINITIONS
  • PROC PRINTTO
  • COMPARE PROCEDURE
  • PROC APPEND
  • HOW TO IMPORT AN EXCEL FILE INTO SAS

  Chapter 12: THE OUTPUT DELIVERY SYSTEM (ODS)

  • INTRODUCTION
  • CREATING VARIOUS TYPES OF REPORTS LISTING OUTPUT
  • OTHER DESTINATIONS
  • HTML
  • PDF AND POSTSCRIPT
  • RTF FILES
  • MICROSOFT EXCEL
  • ADDING STYLE TO YOUR REPORTS
  • LOCATE EXISTING STYLES
  • ODS STYLE= OPTION
  • CUSTOMIZE YOUR REPORTS
  • ODS SELECT; AND ODS EXCLUDE;
  • OTHER CUSTOMIZATIONS
  • ODS PROCLABEL= ;
  • ODS PROCTITLE; AND ODS NOPROCTITLE;
  • ADVANCED TECHNIQUES
  • ODS DOCUMENT
  • PROC TEMPLATE

   

   

  ADV SAS
  Chapter 13: INTRODUCTION TO PROC SQL

  • INTRODUCTION
  • WHY LEARN PROC SQL?
  • SELECT STATEMENT
  • THE SELECT STATEMENT SYNTAX
  • A SIMPLE PROC SQL
  • A COMPLEX PROC SQL
  • LIMITING INFORMATION ON THE SELECT
  • CREATING NEW VARIABLES
  • THE CALCULATED OPTION ON THE SELECT
  • USING LABELS AND FORMATS
  • THE CASE EXPRESSION ON THE SELECT
  • ADDITIONAL SELECT STATEMENT CLAUSES
  • REMERGING
  • REMERGING FOR TOTALS
  • CALCULATING PERCENTAGE
  • SORTING THE DATA IN PROC SQL
  • SORT ON NEW COLUMN
  • SUBSETTING USING THE WHERE
  • INCORRECT WHERE CLAUSE
  • WHERE ON COMPUTED COLUMN
  • SELECTION ON GROUP COLUMN
  • USE HAVING CLAUSE
  • CREATING NEW TABLES
  • JOINING DATASETS USING PROC SQL
  • INNER JOIN
  • JOINING THREE OR MORE TABLES
  • OUTER JOINS
  • INCLUDING NONMATCHING ROWS WITH THE RIGHT OUTER JOIN
  • SELECTING ALL ROWS WITH THE FULL OUTER JOIN
  • CONCATENATING QUERY RESULTS

  Chapter 14: AN INTRODUCTION TO SAS MACROS

  • INTRODUCTION
  • SAS MACRO OVERVIEW
  • TRADITIONAL SAS PROGRAMMING
  • THE SAS MACRO LANGUAGE
  • MACRO LANGUAGE COMPONENTS
  • MACRO VARIABLES
  • MACRO STATEMENTS
  • MACRO PROCESSOR FLOW
  • AUTOMATIC MACRO VARIABLES
  • MACRO DEBUGGING OPTIONS
  • WHAT IS A MACRO?
  • DEFINING AND USING MACROS
  • POSITIONAL MACRO PARAMETERS
  • KEYWORD MACRO PARAMETERS
  • CONDITIONAL MACRO COMPILATION
  • THE %DO STATEMENT
  • SAS DATA STEP INTERFACES

  Chapter 15: INTRODUCTION TO DIAGNOSING AND AVOIDING ERRORS

  • INTRODUCTION
  • UNDERSTANDING HOW THE SAS SUPERVISOR CHECKS A JOB
  • UNDERSTANDING HOW SAS PROCESSES ERRORS
  • DISTINGUISHING TYPES OF ERRORS .SAS RECOGNIZES FOUR KINDS OF ERRORS:
  • SYNTAX ERRORS
  • EXECUTION-TIME ERRORS
  • DATA ERRORS
  • SEMANTIC ERRORS
  • DIAGNOSING ERRORS
  • DIAGNOSING SYNTAX ERRORS
  • DIAGNOSING DATA ERRORS
  • USING A QUALITY CONTROL CHECKLIST